Art and the IEP
By: Frances E. Anderson (2001)
Art therapy may qualify, under PL 92-142 (now IDEA), as a related service in the education of handicapped children and thus be mandated by law. The vehicle for this, the Individualized Education Program, has been underutilized by art therapists. Art therapy may be beneficial in addressing children's needs in all six areas of performance enumerated on the IEP:
- Academic/Cognitive
- Communicative Status
- Motor and Perceptual Skills
- Prevocational/Vocational Skills
- Self-Help Skills, as well as the area most familiar to art therapists
- Social/Emotional Status
Although procedures for completing IEP forms-and even the forms themselves -vary from school district to school district, common to all is the need to formulate prioritized annual goals and to design short-term objectives that include the following five components:
- Audience
- Behavior
- Condition
- Degree
- Evaluation
The sample IEP form that follows uses a hypothetical case (concerning a child named Mark) to illustrate not only the kind of needs a child may present but also the variety of ways in which those needs may be addressed through art therapy.
Note: A modified version of this article was first published in A.E. Di Maria, E. Kramer, and I. Rosner (Eds.) (1982). Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual Conference of the American Art Therapy Association (Falls Church, VA: American Art Therapy Association). Reprinted by permission. This article was written by Audrey Di Maria in her private capacity. No official support or endorsement by the District of Columbia government or the District of Columbia Public School System is intended or should be inferred.
Individualized Education Program (IEP)
Agency: _____________ Date of Report:______________ 1. Identifying Information Name of Student:___________ Birth Date: _______ Age:____ 2. Special Notations a. Health Status, Visual and Hearing Acuity: __________ 3. Period, Plan From June, 1991 To June, 1992
4. Present Level(s) of Educational Performance Academic/Cognitive Levels: (include reading, math, and general abilities)
Communicative Status: (include speech, language and writing skills)
Motor and Perceptual Skills: (include fine and gross motor, visual and auditory perception)
Social/Emotional Status: (include interaction in school, home and neighborhood with adults and peers) Mark has a short attention span and is easily distracted from a task. (Provide art activities of short duration, structured tasks, opportunity for immediate feedback) Mark exhibits a low level of frustration tolerance. He is often unable to control his impulses and is frequently aggressive toward peers and adults. (Afford opportunities for sublimation of aggressive impulses and for verbalization of feelings through artwork, puppetry, role play, dramatic play, and direct discussion) Mark portrays himself as having a poor self-concept. (Arrange opportunities to experience success and develop confidence through pride in personal achievement. Affirm ego through emphasis on individuality and uniqueness, e.g., making self- portraits) Mark seems to have a poor body image. (Body tracing to address this concern, or to address need for integration of body parts and boundaries) Mark seems to be extremely fearful. (Furnish nonthreatening environment and safe avenues for self-expression and the elaboration of concerns) Mark makes excessive use of fantasy. (Engage in reality testing exercises and still-life drawings. Provide clear, dependable structure) Mark is withdrawn and isolates himself from others. (Supply indirect form of communication with environment, providing for both involvement and detachment) Attach additional sheets as needed Mark has trouble in following directions, in adjusting to a work situation, and in completing tasks. He has an awareness of time, but he does not seem to be able to budget time or material effectively. He demonstrates an ability to invest himself in his task, but has difficulty in leaving his project when his time is finished and in returning to it to reinvest himself in the task. (Provide opportunities to test concepts, strengths, and skills. Document development with regard to behavior, activities, completed works. Foster independent function through opportunities to set one's own goals, to challenge oneself, and to master tools, processes. Promote problem-solving ability through the discovery and discussion of alternatives) Self-Help Skills: (include the degree of independence in daily living skills, study habits, etc.) Mark has trouble in sustaining himself at work without a great deal of verbal reinforcement. In the classroom, he seems to feel that he can learn only through imitation, although he demonstrates leadership skills with peers in the neighborhood. (Fosters ability to originate, communicate, and appreciate ideas) Other: (include any pertinent information not stated above) 5. Prioritized Annual Goals:
9.
10.
11. Schedule for determining whether short term objectives are being achieved:
12. IEP Meeting(s) Participants:
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References
Click the "References" link above to hide these references.
Cohen, E.P. & Gainer, R.S. (1976). Art another language for learning- New York:Citation Press.
Jones, N.T. (1979). Art and the handicapped child. Virginia Department of Education.
Smith; S.L. (1979). No easy answers. Teaching the learning disabled child. Cambridge, MA: Winthrop Publishers, Inc.
Second Edition by Frances E. Anderson, Ed.D., A.T.R., H.L.M. Charles C Thomas Publisher, 1992 pp.213-218
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